Apparatus and Process for Cutting Adhesive Labels

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus are provided for die cutting label stock comprising a facestock, an adhesive and optionally a liner to form labels where a liner of the linered pressure sensitive adhesive label stock may be a thin or ultrathin liner.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/867,294 filed Sep. 28, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/003,771 filed Feb. 7, 2011, now U.S. Pat.No. 9,174,353 issued Nov. 3, 2015, which is a 371 of InternationalApplication No. PCT/US2009/050508 filed Jul. 14, 2009, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/080,308 filedJul. 14, 2008, all of which incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the field of adhesive labels, and inparticular, to an apparatus and method for die cutting adhesive labels,particularly pressure sensitive labels, wherein the label may or may notinclude a relatively thin protective liner on the adhesive.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Typical labels, including pressure sensitive labels, are manufacturedfrom label stock that comprises a face layer (facestock), an adhesive(i.e., PSA) layer adhered to the face layer and a protective releaseliner removably adhered to the adhesive layer. The label stock isgenerally provided in roll form. Individual labels may be produced bydie cutting the face layer and the PSA layer, and then removing thesurrounding waste matrix, leaving the individual labels adhered to therelease liner. It is important that the release liner is not cut throughduring the die cutting operation. The use of heavy weight liners helpsto prevent the liner from being completely cut through. However, heavyweight liners are costly and ultimately produces a waste product. Thin,light weight release liners are useful for lowering operational costs,but there are limitations to the use of thin liners, particularly forvarious high speed die cutting processes. Typical manufacturingprocesses for labels are run at speeds of at least 100 ft/min (28.6m/min), and preferably at least 400 ft/min (113.6 m/min) or higher. Asthe speed increases, the process becomes less stable and the die cuttingbecomes less accurate. The likelihood of cutting through the liner andof the liner wrinkling or becoming distorted is increased as thethickness of the liner decreases. Slowing the process down to avoidcutting through the thin liner, however, results in a significant costdisadvantage, a loss of efficiency, and may frequently be ineffective.

One method of accommodating thin liners involves removing the thin,light weight liner from the adhesive layer label stock and applying atemporary reusable support to the adhesive. The face layer and adhesivelayer may then be die cut into individual labels, and after delivery ofthe labels to the label application operation, the temporary support canbe wound up and reused.

In another method, a thin, light weight liner is delaminated from theadhesive backed face layer, the face layer and adhesive layer are thencut into labels, and the labels are relaminated to the light weightliner. The labels may or may not be connected to the waste matrix whenthey are relaminated to the liner. Difficulties often arise whenperforming various operations, including label cutting, on webs havingtheir liner separated from the face and adhesive or on linerless labelstock due to the tackiness of the PSA layer.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of forming acut adhesive backed label on a liner from a web of label stockcomprising a facestock having a first side and a second side, anadhesive layer adhered to a first side of the facestock and, optionally,a release liner adhered an exposed surface of the adhesive layer. Theweb of label stock is fed to a separator station, where the separatorseparates the liner from the facestock and adhesive layer. When theliner is not present, or the liner has been separated from thefacestock, the facestock and adhesive layer are fed to a cutting stationto form a plurality of cut adhesive backed labels and a surroundingmatrix. The cutting station comprises a flexible rotary die and an anvilroller where the flexible rotary die comprises a die plate that isfastened to a mounting cylinder, where the adhesive is cooled prior toentering the cutting station or the flexible rotary die is chilled, or acombination of both, where the cooling is to a such a degree so as toreduce the tack of the adhesive. When a release liner is present,relaminating the previously removed release liner to the cut adhesivebacked labels and matrix or, optionally, laminating a new release linerto the cut adhesive backed labels.

In one embodiment, the surrounding matrix is stripped from the cutlabels after a liner is laminated to the cut labels and matrix. The cutlabels and liner are wound onto a roll.

In another embodiment, a solid material fills an air gap formed betweenthe die plate, which is magnetically fastened to a magnetic mountingcylinder wherein the solid material has a greater thermal conductivitythan air. The flexible rotary die comprises an engineered interior thatallows sufficient heat exchange at the surface of the rotary die. Theflexible rotary die comprises a cooling system and a coolant. Theflexible rotary die is cooled to the dew point to allow condensation tobuild up on the die. The cutting station comprises a walking beamassembly.

In another embodiment, the adhesive layer is cooled by passing thefacestock and the adhesive layer through a chilling zone after theliner, if present, has been separated from the web of label stock andprior to feeding the facestock and the adhesive layer to the cuttingstation. The die is lubricated with a lubricant. The web tension of thefacestock and adhesive layer is controlled with an electrostatic chargeafter the liner, if present, has been separated from the web of labelstock and prior to relaminating the removed release liner, or laminatinga new release line, to the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix. Therelease liner, if present, has a thickness of less than 1.2 mils (0.030mm).

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method offorming a cut adhesive backed label on a liner, comprising a web oflabel stock comprising a facestock having a first side and a secondside, an adhesive layer adhered to a first side of the facestock and,optionally, a release liner adhered an exposed surface of the adhesivelayer. When a liner is present, the web of label stock is fed to aseparator station, wherein the separator separates the liner from thefacestock and adhesive layer. When a liner is not present or followingseparation of the liner from the facestock when present, the facestockand adhesive layer are fed to a cutting station comprising a die and ananvil in an orientation such that the adhesive of the adhesive layercontacts the die wherein a plurality of cut adhesive backed labels and asurrounding matrix is formed, where the cutting surface of the die islubricated with a lubricant . When a release liner is present,relaminating the previously removed release liner to the cut adhesivebacked labels and matrix or, optionally, laminating a new release linerto the cut adhesive backed labels.

In one embodiment, the die is a rotary die and the cutting surface ofthe rotary die is lubricated using a flexographic printing platecylinder. The die is coated with a material which prevents the adhesiveof the adhesive layer from adhering to the die.

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method offorming a cut adhesive backed label on a liner, comprising providing aweb of label stock comprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesivelayer adhered to the facestock and a release liner adhered to theadhesive layer, feeding the web of label stock to a cutting station toform a plurality of cut adhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrixon the release liner, wherein the cutting station comprises a die and ananvil, and the anvil comprises an elastic, polymeric material, strippingthe matrix from the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix on the liner;and winding the cut adhesive backed labels on the liner into a roll. Thedistance between the die and the anvil is controlled to prevent cuttingthe release liner.

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method offorming a cut adhesive backed label on a liner, providing a web of labelstock comprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layeradhered to the facestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesivelayer, feeding the web of label stock to a cutting station to form aplurality of cut adhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix on therelease liner, wherein the cutting station comprises a die and an anvil,and the die is a rotary die and a die bridge provides an automaticadjustment of the force applied to each side of the die to a set pointforce, stripping the matrix from the cut adhesive backed labels andmatrix on the liner, and winding the cut adhesive backed labels on theliner into a roll.

In yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method offorming a cut adhesive backed label on a liner, providing a web of labelstock comprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layeradhered to the facestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesivelayer, feeding the web of label stock to a cutting station to form aplurality of cut adhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix on therelease liner, wherein the cutting station comprises a die and an anvil,and the distance between the die and the anvil is controlled to preventcutting the release liner, stripping the matrix from the cut adhesivebacked labels and matrix on the liner, and winding the cut adhesivebacked labels on the liner into a roll. The distance between the die andthe anvil is controlled with an electrostatic controller.

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus forforming a cut adhesive backed label on a liner comprising a separatorstation for separating a liner from a facestock and adhesive layer and acutting station for forming a plurality of cut adhesive backed labelsand a surrounding matrix from the facestock and the adhesive layer,wherein the cutting station comprises a flexible rotary die and an anvilwherein the flexible rotary die comprises a die plate that is fastenedto a mounting cylinder, and a means for cooling the adhesive prior tocutting the facestock and adhesive. The laminator is oriented forrelaminating the release liner to the cut adhesive backed labels andmatrix. A stripper is oriented for stripping the matrix from the cutadhesive backed labels and matrix on the liner.

In one embodiment, there is provided a means for winding the cutadhesive backed labels on the liner into a roll.

In a further embodiment, the apparatus comprises a solid material fillsan air gap formed between the die plate, which is mechanically fastenedto the mounting cylinder, and the magnetic mounting cylinder wherein thesolid material has a greater thermal conductivity than air.

In a further embodiment, the apparatus comprises a lubricator, whichfurther comprises a flexographic printing plate. The anvil is an elasticpolymeric anvil.

In a further embodiment, the apparatus comprises a means to control thedistance between the die and anvil to prevent cutting the release.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic of a label converting process that includes theoperations of delamination, cutting, relamination and matrix stripping.

FIG. 2 is a schematic of a label converting process that includescooling the adhesive layer with a cooled cutting die.

FIG. 3 is a schematic of a label converting process that includescooling the adhesive layer with a cooled anvil roller.

FIG. 4 is a schematic of a label converting process that includescooling the adhesive layer and cutting the web with a walking beam.

FIG. 5 is a schematic of a label converting process that includescooling the adhesive layer prior to cutting.

FIG. 6 is a schematic of a label converting process that includeslubricating the cutting die.

FIG. 7 is a schematic of a label converting process that includeslubricating the anvil.

FIG. 8 is a schematic of a label converting process that includes diecutting the face web as it is adhered to a liner.

FIG. 9 is a schematic of a process for die cutting a face web using anelectrostatically controlled die.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for die cuttinglabel stock to form labels. In several embodiments a method andapparatus are provided for die cutting linered or linerless label stockto form labels where the label stock is die cut without a liner. Inother embodiments a method and apparatus are provided for die cuttinglinered label stock to form labels where the label stock is die cut witha liner. Label stock normally includes a polymeric facestock which cancarry information such as printed information, an adhesive layer such asa pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the facestock, and in theinstance of linered label stock a release liner releasably adhered tothe adhesive layer. Die cutting of the label stock to form labelsinvolves cutting through the facestock and the adhesive layer. Thepresent invention provides a method and apparatus to die cut label stockwith an exposed adhesive when no liner is present or to die cut labelstock with a liner, and in particular a thin liner having a thickness of1.2 mils or less (0.030 millimeters/mm or less).

In one embodiment, the label stock comprises a facestock, and a pressuresensitive adhesive layer adhered to the facestock (together defining the“face web”) and a release liner removably or releasably adhered to theadhesive layer. The method comprises separating the release liner fromthe face web, chilling the pressure sensitive adhesive layer, cuttingthe face web into individual labels in a matrix, relaminating therelease liner to the cut labels, and then stripping the matrix from theconstruction. The method comprises the step of chilling the pressuresensitive adhesive (PSA) to sufficiently reduce its tack, allowing thecutting surface of the die to contact the PSA without the adhesiveadhering to the cutting surface.

Label Stock

The label constructions useful in the present invention comprise afacestock, a release liner, and an adhesive layer between the facestockand the liner. The facestock that is used in the label constructions maycomprise any of a variety of materials known to those skilled in the artto be suitable as a facestock material. For example, the facestock maybe comprised of such materials as paper (e.g., kraft, bond, offset,litho and sulfite paper) with or without sizing, or polymeric materialssuitable for facestock use such as polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides,etc. In one embodiment, the requirement for the facestock material isthat it be capable of forming some degree of adhesive bond to anadhesive layer. In one embodiment, the facestock comprises a polymericfilm which can form the desired bond and which is capable of beingprinted. In yet another embodiment, the polymeric film material is onethat, when combined with the adhesive layer, provides a sufficientlyself-supporting construction to facilitate label dispensing (labelseparation and application). The surfaces of the facestock material canbe surface treated, to include for example corona treated or flametreated or top coat treated, to improve performance in various areassuch as printability and/or adhesion to the adhesive layer in contacttherewith. Preferably the polymer film material is chosen to provide thelabel construction with one or more of the desired properties such asprintability, die-cuttability, matrix-strippability, dispensability,etc.

The facestock may be a monolayer polymeric film facestock or it maycomprise more than one polymer film layer, some of which may beseparated by an internal adhesive layer. The thicknesses of each of thelayers may be varied. Multilayer film facestocks may be prepared bytechniques well known to those skilled in the art such as by laminatingtwo or more preformed polymeric films (and, optionally an adhesivelayer) together, or by the coextrusion of several polymeric films and,optionally, an adhesive layer. The multilayer facestocks may be preparedalso by sequential coating and formation of individual layers, tripledie coating, extrusion coating of multiple layers onto an adhesivelayer, etc.

The label constructions also include an adhesive layer having an uppersurface and a lower surface wherein the upper surface of the adhesivelayer is adhesively joined or adhered to the lower surface of thefacestock. In some embodiments, as noted above, the constructions alsocontain an interior adhesive which can function as a lamination adhesivewhen laminating preformed polymeric films together to form a facestock.The internal adhesives may be a heat-activated adhesives, hot meltadhesives, or pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA). The external (adheredto the facestock) adhesive is preferably a PSA. Adhesives that are tackyat any temperature up to about 160° C. (about 320° F.) are particularlyuseful. PSAs that are tacky at ambient temperatures are particularlyuseful in the adhesive constructions of the present invention. Ambienttemperatures include room temperature and can range from 5 to 80° C., 10to 70° C., or 15 to 60° C.

The adhesives may generally be classified into the following categories:random copolymer adhesives such as those based upon acrylate and/ormethacrylate copolymers, a-olefin copolymers, silicone copolymers,chloroprene/acrylonitrile copolymers, and the like; and block copolymeradhesives including those based upon linear block copolymers (i.e., A-8and A-B-A type), branched block copolymers, star block copolymers,grafted or radial block copolymers, and the like, and Natural andsynthetic rubber adhesives. In an embodiment the adhesive of theadhesive layer is an emulsion acrylic-based pressure sensitive adhesive.

A description of useful pressure-sensitive adhesives may be found inEncyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 13.Wiley-Interscience Publishers (New York, 1988). Additional descriptionof useful pressure-sensitive adhesives may be found in Encyclopedia ofPolymer Science and Technology, Vol. 1, Interscience Publishers (NewYork, 1964).

The label stock may comprise a heavy weight liner or a thin, lightweight liner. The thickness of the thin liner is less than the standard2.5 mils (0.064 mm). The thickness of the liner may be less than 2.2mils (0.060 mm), less than 2.0 mils (0.051 mm), less than 1.8 mils(0.042 mm), or less than 1.2 mils (0.030 mm).

In one embodiment, the liner is an ultrathin or ultra light liner havinga thickness of less than 1.02 mil (0.0254 mm), less than 1 mil (0.0254mm), less than 0.92 mil (0.0233 mm), less than 0.8 mil (0.0203 mm), lessthan 0.6 mil (0.017 mm), less than 0.50 mil (0.013 mm), or equal to orless than 0.25 mil (0.00626 mm). Such thin liners are commerciallyavailable as Hostaphan® polyester film (e.g., 0.5 mil, 0.0127 mm,Tradename 2SLK silicone coated film) sheeting from Mitsubishi ChemicalCompany. Another liner material is provided by Avery Dennison as a 1.02mil (0.026 mm) polyester backing sheet with a 1.25 mil (0.032 mm)adhesive layer.

In another embodiment, the label stock or web of label stock islinerless and comprises a facestock and a pressure sensitive adhesivelayer adhered to the facestock, with no release liner adhered to theadhesive layer. The linerless label stock consists essentially of afacestock and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to one side ofthe facestock and a release coating on the other side of the facestock.

Method of Die Cutting Label Stock

The process or method of forming a cut label, in one embodimentillustrated in FIG. 1, comprises providing a label stock that includes afacestock and an adhesive layer adhered to the facestock (togetherdefining the “face web”) and a release liner removably adhered to theadhesive layer; delaminating the release liner from the face web;cooling the adhesive layer to reduce the tack of the adhesive; diecutting the label material to form individual labels; and relaminatingthe release liner to the adhesive layer of the cut labels. After theface web is die cut, the liner is relaminated to the face web. The wastematrix is stripped from the web and the die cut labels on the liner arewound into a roll.

In one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 2, the adhesive is cooled at thecutting station. A cylindrical rotary die may be used to cool and cutthe face web after the liner has been separated from the face web. Theadhesive layer directly contacts the cooled die. The rotary die mayinclude an engineered interior that provides for a series of riflinglines, spirals, honeycombs, baffles or other structure to allowsufficient heat exchanging at the surface of the die for the type ofadhesive used, ambient environment and speed of cutting in order toreduce the tack of the adhesive, with minimal buildup of frost. Theadhesive is cooled to allow the cutting surfaces of the die to come intocontact with the pressure sensitive adhesive without the adhesiveadhering to the cutting surfaces. This reduction in adhesiveness reducesbuildup on\ the die of the adhesive and of other matter that accumulateson the residual adhesive. After the face web is die cut, the liner isrelaminated to the face web. The waste matrix is stripped from the weband the die cut labels on the liner are wound into a roll.

In an embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 2, a method of forming a cutadhesive backed label on a liner comprises providing a web of labelstock comprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layeradhered to the facestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesivelayer; feeding the web of label stock to a separator station, where theseparator separates the liner from the facestock and adhesive layer;feeding the facestock and adhesive layer to a cutting station to form aplurality of cut adhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix, wherethe cutting station comprises a flexible rotary die and an anvil rollerwhere the flexible rotary die comprises a die plate that is mechanicallyfastened to a mounting cylinder, and adhesive of the adhesive layer iscooled at the cutting station to reduce tack of the adhesive where theadhesive contacts the die which is cooled; laminating the release linerto the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix; stripping the matrix fromthe cut adhesive backed labels and matrix on the liner; and winding thecut adhesive backed labels on the liner into a roll. The die plate ofthe flexible rotary die can be mechanically fastened to the mountingcylinder in any fashion to include in the form of pins which extend fromthe base of the back side of the die plate to an appropriate depth, toinclude nominally ⅛ to ¼ inch (3.2 to 6.4 mm), and are mechanically heldin bores which are drilled in the mounting cylinder to match theposition of the pins in the die plate. The bores and pins areconstructed in a manner so that the pins are mechanically held in thebores. For example, after mounting the flexible plate onto the magneticcylinder a mechanical collar fitted to a corresponding pin around thebase cylinder is tightened to hold the pin in its inserted position. Themethod may include using a series of air bladders around each collarwhich, when inflated, positions the collar into keyways located alongthe pin's surface. Alternatively, similarly constructed collars may beassociated with a screw mechanism that is tightened perpendicular to thepin at the face plate at the flat end or ends of the base cylinder.Alternatively screws may be used, with or without pins, to secure theflexible plate to the base wherein the screws are placed in areasrepresenting the matrix or cavity of the cutting edge. Alternatively asurface locking mechanism similar to that described by U.S. Pat. No.7,000,522 [Eagle Rotary Systems, Inc.] may be used to secure the cornersof a flexible die to the base.

In an embodiment a solid material fills an air gap formed between thedie plate and the mounting cylinder where the solid material has agreater thermal conductivity than air. The thermal conductivity of asubstance is a physical property and indicates the ability of thesubstance to conduct heat. In general thermal conductivities ofsubstances increase as densities of substances increase so normallysolid materials have greater thermal conductivities than gases such asair. The solid material can comprise any material that has a greaterthermal conductivity than air and thus allows the die plate to reach areduced temperature at which the tack of adhesive of the adhesive layeris reduced and buildup of adhesive on the rotary die is minimized orprevented. The solid material can be in any form that fills the air gapto include a film such as for example a paper film or a plastic film, afilm coated with an adhesive such as for example a pressure sensitiveadhesive, or a liquid coating such as for example where the coatingcomprises at least one polymer in a volatile solvent and where thecoating is sprayed or brushed or otherwise applied to the back side ofthe die plate. In an embodiment the mounting cylinder is a magneticmounting cylinder where the die plate is held in place on the magneticmounting cylinder by a magnetic force. In an embodiment the flexiblerotary die comprises an engineered interior that allows sufficient heatexchange at the surface of the rotary die. In an embodiment the flexiblerotary die comprises a cooling system and a coolant where the coolingsystem comprises a cavity through which a refrigerated coolant iscirculated or pumped in order to reduce the temperature of the die wherethe adhesive contacts the die. The reduced temperature of the diereduces the tack of the contacting adhesive. The reduced temperature ofthe die can result in a build up of frost on the die where the adhesivecontacts the die which also reduces the tack of the contacting adhesive.Since frost can also build up on the flexible rotary die between the dieplate and the magnetic mounting cylinder resulting in movement toinclude slipping or skewing or dislodging of the die plate from themagnetic mounting cylinder when held in place only by a magnetic force,mechanically fastening the die plate to the magnetic mounting cylinderprevents these die plate movements. In an embodiment the flexible rotarydie is cooled to the dew point, as described hereinbelow, to allowcondensation to build up on the die where the condensation forms aself-sustaining lubrication mechanism. Dew point is defined as thetemperature at which a vapor begins to condense as a liquid and in thepresent invention is the temperature at which ambient or atmosphericwater vapor begins to condense as a liquid or condensation. In anembodiment the cutting station comprises the above described chilledflexible rotary die and a roller where the roller removes excess buildup of material on the die where the material can include frost or watercondensation. In an embodiment the cutting station comprises the abovedescribed flexible rotary die and a walking beam assembly as describedhereinbelow where the walking beam assembly provides increased coolingtime. In an embodiment the cutting station comprises the above describedflexible rotary die where an electrostatic charge is applied to theadhesive layer prior to laminating the release liner to the cut adhesivebacked labels and matrix. The application of a surface treatment to theexposed adhesive layer, where the surface treatment can include anelectrostatic charging or a corona treatment or a flame treatment, priorto laminating the release liner to the cut adhesive backed labels andmatrix enhances wet out of the adhesive layer to the release liner forthe purpose of facilitating a high speed in-line stripping or removal ofthe matrix without lifting of the cut adhesive backed labels from therelease liner. In an embodiment the adhesive layer is cooled by passingthe facestock and the adhesive layer through a chilling zone, asdescribed hereinbelow, after the liner has been separated from thefacestock and the adhesive layer and prior to feeding the facestock andthe adhesive layer to the cutting station that comprises the flexiblerotary die. In an embodiment the above described flexible rotary die islubricated, as described hereinbelow, with a lubricant where thelubricant reduces or prevents the build up of adhesive on the die. In anembodiment web tension of the facestock and adhesive layer is controlledwith an electrostatic charge after the liner has been separated from thefacestock and adhesive layer and prior to laminating the release linerto the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix where the cut adhesivebacked labels and matrix are formed at a cutting station comprising theabove described flexible rotary die. The web tension is controlled byusing an electrostatic charge to pin or hold a web to a driven roller ina roll fed converting process for the purposes of creating an isolationpoint and web tension zone without use of a nip roll or vacuum roll, andstabilizing and transporting an unsupported/linerless die cut web, toinclude a die cut web of cut adhesive backed labels and matrix from aweb of label stock or a web of label stock that is linerless where thefacestock has a pressure sensitive adhesive layer on one side of thefacestock and a release coating on the other side of the facestock,while in contact with the driven roller. The electrostatic charge can beapplied to the web at its first point of contact with the driven rolleras the web is moving which results in a slip resistant affinity betweenthe web and the driven roller where the strength of the affinity dependson the charge applied, the dielectric properties of the web beingcharged, the materials used in the fabrication of the driven roller, andthe degree of wrap on the driven roller after the initial electrostaticpinning to the driven roller. The process of electrostatic pinning of aweb to a driven roller provides a method to handle and control tensionof a web having exposed pressure sensitive adhesive without directlycontacting the exposed adhesive. In an embodiment the above describedmethod of forming a cut adhesive backed label on a liner, comprising acutting station that comprises a flexible rotary die, comprises thin andultrathin release liners to include release liners, as describedhereinabove, having a thickness of less than 1.2 mils (0.030 mm). In anembodiment the above described method of forming a cut adhesive backedlabel on a liner, comprising a cutting station that comprises a flexiblerotary die, comprises the web of label stock where the web of labelstock is linerless, as described above, and consists essentially of afacestock and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to one side ofthe facestock and a release coating on the other side of the facestock,the liner separation step is excluded, and the lamination step involveslaminating the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix to a release linerwhere the release liner can be a temporary and/or reusable releaseliner. The embodiments described throughout this application for amethod of forming or an apparatus for forming a cut adhesive backedlabel on a liner, where an adhesive layer is exposed in the method orapparatus, are useful individually and in combinations of two or more.

In another embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, a chilled anvil roller maybe used to cool the adhesive. The adhesive layer, in this embodiment,contacts the chilled anvil and the face material initially contacts thedie. The chilled anvil may be constructed to include a series of riflinglines, spirals, honeycombs, baffles or other structure to allowsufficient heat exchanging at the surface of the anvil for the type ofadhesive used, ambient environment and speed of cutting in order toreduce the tack of the adhesive, with minimal buildup of frost. Afterthe face web is die cut, the liner is relaminated to the face web. Thewaste matrix is stripped from the web and the die cut labels on theliner are wound into a roll.

In yet another embodiment, a flat die, rather than a rotary die is used.Such dies include engraved dies, sheer edge dies, steel rule dies andother constructions known in the art. The upper, non-cutting surface ofthe die may have incorporated therein rifling lines, honeycombs,baffles, or other structures to allow sufficient heat exchanging at thesurface of the die for the type of adhesive used, ambient environmentand speed of cutting in order to reduce the tack of the adhesive, withminimal buildup of frost.

A walking beam assembly may be used to provide increased cooling timebetween the cooled die and the adhesive and higher line speed while diecutting. The walking beam may have lateral and vertical motion similarto a tank thread system, incorporating a plurality of die cuttingmodules that are linearly synchronous to the web material during thecutting cycle. Alternatively, the walking beam may comprise a singlecutting unit in an orbital motion. In one embodiment, illustrated inFIG. 4, a small diameter anvil, or “micro anvil” is used in place of aconventional anvil.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the adhesive layer is cooled bypassing the face web through a chilling zone or zones after the linerhas been delaminated and prior to contact with the die. The apparatusand method may utilize one or more venturi systems to reduce airtemperature and cool the adhesive to a temperature where it is no longertacky. Once the adhesive is cooled to the proper temperature, the cooledweb enters a die cutting station where a standard or cooled rotary dieor flatbed die cuts the individual labels. The cooling of the adhesiveis dependent on the amount of time the adhesive is in the cooling zoneand the temperature provided by the venturi. After the labels are cut inthe label material, the label material is reunited with the releaseliner at a relamination unit. Following relamination of the releaseliner, the waste matrix may be stripped from the label material and thecut labels adhered to the release liner may be wound into a roll.

The venturi system may be configured such that the cooling zone iswarmed to provide a frost-free system to avoid the build-up of icewithin the cooling zone. In one embodiment, the venturi system isprovided with a dehumidifier or inert environment, for example from anitrogen blanket, to maintain a low level of humidity in the coolingzone.

The cooling system may use a liquid coolant, including such as forexample a silicon or silicone oil or an alcohol or a glycol or water ora mixture of two or more liquid coolants, to provide heat removal. Acooling system that includes another type of heat exchanger may beprovided to transform the adhesive from a tacky state to a non-tackystate.

To reduce the likelihood of the adhesive to build up on the die cutter,a lubricant may be applied to the die surface. FIG. 6 illustrates aprocess wherein a lubricant is applied to the cutting die with a roller.Useful lubricants include any lubricant that reduces or minimizes orprevents the build up of adhesive on the die. Suitable lubricantsinclude, but are not limited to water, fatty acid or fatty acid saltcontaining compositions such as for example compositions containingstearates, aqueous surfactant solutions such as for example soapysolutions containing a metal salt of a fatty acid or of an alkylatedarenesulfonic acid, liquid silicones, plasticizers such as for examplefatty acid esters and hydrocarbon oils, fatty alcohols such as forexample 1-decanol, undried emulsion pressure sensitive adhesives such asfor example undried emulsion acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives,non-silicon containing lubricants and the like, and mixtures of two ormore lubricants. The lubricant may be applied to the cutting surface byspray, roller, sponge, electrostatics, ink jet or other method thatprovides for the minimum amount necessary to prevent the adhesive frombuilding up given the ambient environment, process speed and adhesivetype.

In an embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 6, a method of forming a cutadhesive backed label on a liner comprises providing a web of labelstock comprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layeradhered to the facestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesivelayer; feeding the web of label stock to a separator station, where theseparator separates the liner from the facestock and adhesive layer;feeding the facestock and adhesive layer to a cutting station to form aplurality of cut adhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix, wherethe cutting station comprises a die and an anvil, the cutting surface ofthe die is lubricated with a lubricant using a flexographic printingplate, and adhesive of the adhesive layer contacts the die; laminatingthe release liner to the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix;stripping the matrix from the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix onthe liner; and winding the cut adhesive backed labels on the liner intoa roll. As described above lubrication of a die with a lubricant reducesor prevents the build up of adhesive on the die. Using a flexographicprinting plate to lubricate the cutting surface of a die with alubricant allows for a controlled application of the lubricant to theknife tip or cutting edge of the die and is a relatively simple,reliable, highly consistent, and efficient process. The elevatedsurfaces of the flexographic printing plate are designed to match thepattern of the knife tip or cutting edge of the die. The lubricant canbe transferred from the elevated surfaces of the flexographic printingplate to the cutting edge of the die in any fashion to include byelectrostatic charging and/or surface retraction properties of theelevated surfaces of the flexographic printing plate and the surfaceretention properties of the cutting edge of the die. In an embodimentthe die is a rotary die or a flexible rotary die and the cutting surfaceof the rotary die or flexible rotary die is lubricated using aflexographic printing plate cylinder. In an embodiment where the die islubricated with a flexographic printing plate or flexographic printingplate cylinder, the die body of the die has a coating where the coatingprevents adhesive of the adhesive layer from adhering to the die body.The coating of the die body can be any coating that reduces or minimizesor prevents adhesive from adhering to the die body to include forexample fluorinated polymers where the coating can be applied to the diebody in any fashion to include for example by various vacuum depositionmethods including electrostatic assisted methods. The die body generallyincludes the noncutting outer surface of the die. In an embodiment theouter surface of die, to include the die body and the cutting edge ofthe die, has a coating where the coating prevents adhesive of theadhesive layer from adhering to the die. In an embodiment where the dieis lubricated with a flexographic printing plate or flexographicprinting plate cylinder, the web of label stock is linerless andconsists essentially of a facestock and a pressure sensitive adhesivelayer adhered to one side of the facestock and a release coating on theother side of the facestock, the liner separation step is excluded, andthe lamination step involves laminating the cut adhesive backed labelsand matrix to a release liner where the release liner can be a temporaryand/or reusable release liner.

Alternatively, a lubricant may also be applied to the anvil, asillustrated in FIG. 7. Lubrication of the die and/or anvil may be usedin combination with a cooled die or cooled anvil.

In one embodiment, a coolant is used to bring the die to approximatelydew point, allowing condensation to build up on the surface of the die.This condensation forms a self-sustaining lubrication mechanism. Asuitable control system may be included to maintain a narrow surfacetemperature range through the use of rifling, spirals, honeycombs,baffles and other internal surfaces of the die. The cooling system maybe used in combination with temperature and humidity sensors thatmonitor heat buildup and other process conditions necessary to maintaina minimal surface condensation.

In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a process for diecutting labelstock adhered to a liner to include a thin or ultrathinliner without the need to delaminate and relaminate the liner. Asillustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, the labelstock is die cut against theliner, to include a thin or ultrathin liner, without through cutting orcutting through cutting the liner or the thin or ultrathin liner. Theimpact on the liner is minimized and controlled through the use ofspecialized tools. In one embodiment, the anvil is constructed of asuitable polymeric material that provides for elasticity and recessionof the surface of the anvil to reduce and/or cushion the liner from theimpact of the die. In an embodiment a method of forming a cut adhesivebacked label on a liner comprises providing a web of label stockcomprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered tothe facestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesive layer; feedingthe web of label stock to a cutting station to form a plurality of cutadhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix on the release liner,where the cutting station comprises a die and an anvil, and the anvilcomprises an elastic, polymeric material; stripping the matrix from thecut adhesive backed labels and matrix on the liner; and winding the cutadhesive backed labels on the liner into a roll. The embodimentsdescribed throughout this application for a method of forming or anapparatus for forming a cut adhesive backed label on a liner, where aweb of linered label stock is cut without separating the liner from thefacestock and the adhesive layer, are useful individually and incombinations of two or more.

In an embodiment, as depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9, a method of forming acut adhesive backed label on a liner comprises providing a web of labelstock comprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layeradhered to the facestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesivelayer; feeding the web of label stock to a cutting station to form aplurality of cut adhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix on therelease liner, where the cutting station comprises a die and an anvil,and the die is a rotary die or a flexible rotary die and a die bridgeprovides an automatic adjustment of the force applied to each side ofthe die to a set point force; stripping the matrix from the cut adhesivebacked labels and matrix on the liner; and winding the cut adhesivebacked labels on the liner into a roll. In an embodiment an automateddie bridge, which provides automatic adjustment of force and as depictedin FIG. 9, comprises a control device to apply force to each side of arotary die, a means to continuously monitor the force on each side ofthe die during the cutting process, a means of feedback to the controldevice, and a means to adjust the applied force on each side of the diein real time. In an embodiment the automated die bridge loads a rotarydie against a rotary anvil using pneumatic or hydraulic force where thedie bridge has pressure sensing devices such as for example load cellson each end of the die bridge to measure the load being applied to therotary die to keep it fixed against the rotary anvil, and the die bridgehas a means such as for example a programmable logic controller todetect and automatically correct for drift in the sensed load comparedto a set point load. The automated die bridge allows for cutting a webof linered label stock without cutting the liner and without separatingthe liner and also allows for an automatic shutdown of the die cuttingprocess when the force of the die against the anvil reaches a presetcontrol limit to prevent die related defects or to signal need to retooland/or replace the die due to wear.

In one embodiment, the proximity of the die to the anvil is adjusted toprovide for cutting through the facestock and adhesive and maintaining akiss cut depth of the cutting edge. Adjustments to the proximity of theanvil to the die may be in the x, y and/or z direction, depending uponthe wear of the cutting surface, the type of adhesive used andenvironmental conditions. The proximity of the die to that anvil ismeasured using electrostatic control, as shown in FIG. 9, which measuresthe current flowing across the die/anvil gap with sufficient sensitivityto detect current changes between the two surfaces. Through the use oflinear or other suitable digital drives, the gap between the die andanvil is adjusted by moving the die and/or anvil closer or further away.Controlling the proximity or distance between the die and the anvilallows cutting of the facestock and the adhesive layer of a web oflinered label stock without cutting the liner and without the need toseparate the liner. In an embodiment a method of forming a cut adhesivebacked label on a liner comprises providing a web of label stockcomprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered tothe facestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesive layer; feedingthe web of label stock to a cutting station to form a plurality of cutadhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix on the release liner,wherein the cutting station comprises a die and an anvil, and thedistance between the die and the anvil is controlled to prevent cuttingthe release liner; stripping the matrix from the cut adhesive backedlabels and matrix on the liner; and winding the cut adhesive backedlabels on the liner into a roll. The distance between the die and anvilcan be controlled by any suitable means to include in an embodiment anelectrostatic controller.

Apparatus for Die Cutting Label Stock

In an embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 2, an apparatus, for forming a cutadhesive backed label on a liner by processing a label stock comprisinga facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to thefacestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesive layer, comprises aseparator station for separating the liner from the facestock andadhesive layer; a cutting station for forming a plurality of cutadhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix from the facestock andthe adhesive layer, where the cutting station comprises a flexiblerotary die and an anvil roller where the flexible rotary die comprises adie plate that is mechanically fastened to a mounting cylinder, andadhesive of the adhesive layer is cooled at the cutting station toreduce tack of the adhesive where the adhesive contacts the die which iscooled; a laminator for laminating the release liner to the cut adhesivebacked labels and matrix; a stripper for stripping the matrix from thecut adhesive backed labels and matrix on the liner; and means forwinding the cut adhesive backed labels on the liner into a roll. Inembodiments the above described chilled flexible rotary die comprises athermally conductive material that fills an air gap formed between thedie plate and the mounting cylinder, and the mounting cylinder is amagnetic mounting cylinder.

In an embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 6, an apparatus, for forming a cutadhesive backed label on a liner by processing a label stock comprisinga facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to thefacestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesive layer, comprises aseparator station for separating the liner from the facestock andadhesive layer; a cutting station for forming a plurality of cutadhesive backed labels and a surrounding matrix from the facestock andthe adhesive layer, wherein the cutting station comprises a die and ananvil, the cutting surface of the die is lubricated with a lubricantusing a flexographic printing plate, and adhesive of the adhesive layercontacts the die; a laminator for laminating the release liner to thecut adhesive backed labels and matrix; a stripper for stripping thematrix from the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix on the liner; andmeans for winding the cut adhesive backed labels on the liner into aroll.

In embodiments, as depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9, an apparatus, for forminga cut adhesive backed label on a liner by processing a label stockcomprising a facestock, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered tothe facestock and a release liner adhered to the adhesive layer,comprises a cutting station for forming a plurality of cut adhesivebacked labels and a surrounding matrix on the liner from the labelstock, where the cutting station comprises a die and an anvil, and thecutting station comprises at least one component selected from the groupconsisting of where the anvil is an elastic polymeric anvil, means tocontrol the distance between the die and anvil to prevent cutting therelease liner, the die is a rotary die and a die bridge provides anautomatic adjustment of the force applied to each side of the die to aset point force, and a combination of two or more of any of theforegoing components; a stripper for stripping the matrix from the cutadhesive backed labels and matrix on the liner; and means for windingthe cut adhesive backed labels on the liner into a roll.

While the invention has been explained in relation to its preferredembodiments, it is to be understood that various modifications thereofwill become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading thespecification. Therefore, it is to be under stood that the inventiondisclosed herein is intended to cover such modifications as fall withinthe scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of forming a cut adhesive backed labelon a liner, comprising: providing a web of label stock comprising afacestock having a first side and a second side, an adhesive layeradhered to a first side of the facestock and, optionally, a releaseliner adhered an exposed surface of the adhesive layer; when a liner ispresent, feeding the web of label stock to a separator station, whereinthe separator separates the liner from the facestock and adhesive layer;when a liner is not present or following separation of the liner fromthe facestock when present, feeding the facestock and adhesive layer toa cutting station to form a plurality of cut adhesive backed labels anda surrounding matrix, wherein the cutting station comprises a flexiblerotary die and an anvil roller wherein the flexible rotary die comprisesa die plate that is fastened to a mounting cylinder, wherein theadhesive is cooled by passing the facestock and adhesive layer through achilling zone prior to entering the cutting station, wherein thechilling zone comprises a venture system and wherein the cooling is tosuch a degree so as to reduce the tack of the adhesive to the die; whena release liner is present, relaminating the previously removed releaseliner to the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix or, optionally,laminating a new release liner to the cut adhesive backed labels;wherein a solid material fills an air gap formed between the die plateand the mounting cylinder wherein the solid material has a greaterthermal conductivity than air.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein theadhesive layer is cooled by passing the facestock and the adhesive layerthrough a chilling zone after the liner, if present, has been separatedfrom the web of label stock and prior to feeding the facestock and theadhesive layer to the cutting station.
 3. A method of forming a cutadhesive backed label on a liner, comprising: providing a web of labelstock comprising a facestock having a first side and a second side, anadhesive layer adhered to a first side of the facestock and, optionally,a release liner adhered an exposed surface of the adhesive layer,wherein the release liner has a thickness of less than or equal to0.00626 mm; when a liner is present, feeding the web of label stock to aseparator station, wherein the separator separates the liner from thefacestock and adhesive layer; when a liner is not present or followingseparation of the liner from the facestock when present, feeding thefacestock and adhesive layer to a cutting station comprising a die andan anvil in an orientation such that the adhesive of the adhesive layercontacts the die wherein a plurality of cut adhesive backed labels and asurrounding matrix is formed, wherein the die is a rotary die, whereinthe cutting surface of the die is lubricated using a flexographicprinting plate cylinder; when a release liner is present, relaminatingthe previously removed release liner to the cut adhesive backed labelsand matrix or, optionally, laminating a new release liner to the cutadhesive backed labels.
 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the die iscoated with a material which prevents the adhesive of the adhesive layerfrom adhering to the die.
 5. A method of forming a cut adhesive backedlabel on a liner, comprising: providing a web of label stock comprisinga facestock having a first side and a second side, an adhesive layeradhered to a first side of the facestock and, optionally, a releaseliner adhered an exposed surface of the adhesive layer, wherein therelease liner has a thickness less that 0.0254 mm; when a liner ispresent, feeding the web of label stock to a separator station, whereinthe separator separates the liner from the facestock and adhesive layer;when a liner is not present or following separation of the liner fromthe facestock when present, feeding the facestock and adhesive layer toa cutting station to form a plurality of cut adhesive backed labels anda surrounding matrix, wherein the cutting station comprises a flexiblerotary die and an anvil roller wherein the flexible rotary die comprisesa die plate that is fastened to a mounting cylinder; wherein theadhesive is cooled by passing the facestock and adhesive layer through achilling zone prior to entering the cutting station; wherein thechilling zone comprises a venture system; wherein the cooling is to sucha degree so as to reduce the tack of the adhesive to the die; when arelease liner is present, relaminating the previously removed releaseliner to the cut adhesive backed labels and matrix or, optionally,laminating a new release liner to the cut adhesive backed labels.
 6. Themethod of forming a cut adhesive backed label on a liner as claimed inclaim 5, a lubricant is applied to the die or the anvil.
 7. The methodof claim 1, wherein the chilling zone further comprises a dehumidifier.8. The method of claim 1, wherein the chilling zone further comprises aninert environment.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the inertenvironment comprises nitrogen.
 10. The method of claim 5, wherein thechilling zone further comprises a dehumidifier.
 11. The method of claim5, wherein the chilling zone further comprises an inert environment. 12.The method of claim 11, wherein the inert environment comprisesnitrogen.